Pipeline 中的測試策略

// .github/workflows/test-strategy.yml 的 C# 範例
// Pipeline 中各層級測試的組織方式
 
// Unit Test — 獨立、快速、不依賴外部資源
[Fact]
public void CalculateDiscount_VipUser_Returns20Percent()
{
    var calculator = new DiscountCalculator();
    var result = calculator.Calculate(userType: UserType.Vip, amount: 1000m);
    Assert.Equal(200m, result);
}
 
// Integration Test — 需要真實資料庫（用 Testcontainers）
public class UserRepositoryTests : IClassFixture<DatabaseFixture>
{
    private readonly AppDbContext _db;
 
    public UserRepositoryTests(DatabaseFixture fixture)
    {
        _db = fixture.CreateContext();
    }
 
    [Fact]
    public async Task CreateUser_PersistsToDatabase()
    {
        var repo = new UserRepository(_db);
        await repo.Create(new User { Name = "Alice", Email = "a@b.com" });
 
        var user = await _db.Users.FirstAsync(u => u.Email == "a@b.com");
        Assert.Equal("Alice", user.Name);
    }
}

# .github/workflows/test-strategy.yml
name: Test Strategy
 
on: [push, pull_request]
 
jobs:
  lint:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with: { node-version: '20', cache: 'npm' }
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm run lint
      - run: npx tsc --noEmit  # Type check
 
  unit-test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: lint
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with: { node-version: '20', cache: 'npm' }
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm test -- --coverage --ci
      # Coverage gate
      - run: |
          COVERAGE=$(npx coverage-summary)
          if [ "$COVERAGE" -lt 80 ]; then exit 1; fi
 
  integration-test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: unit-test
    services:
      postgres:
        image: postgres:16
        env:
          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: test
        ports: ['5432:5432']
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with: { node-version: '20', cache: 'npm' }
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm run test:integration
        env:
          DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:test@localhost:5432/test
 
  e2e:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: integration-test
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'  # 只在 merge 到 main 時跑
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: npx playwright test

# conftest.py — 測試分層設定
import pytest
 
# 標記慢速測試
def pytest_configure(config):
    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "integration: integration tests")
    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "e2e: end-to-end tests")
 
# CI 中用 -m 篩選
# 快速回饋：pytest -m "not integration and not e2e"
# 整合測試：pytest -m integration
# E2E：pytest -m e2e
 
@pytest.mark.integration
class TestUserRepository:
    def test_create_and_retrieve(self, db_session):
        repo = UserRepository(db_session)
        repo.create(User(name="Alice", email="a@b.com"))
 
        user = repo.get_by_email("a@b.com")
        assert user.name == "Alice"
 
@pytest.mark.e2e
class TestUserFlow:
    def test_register_and_login(self, api_client):
        # 註冊
        res = api_client.post("/api/users", json={"name": "Alice", "email": "a@b.com"})
        assert res.status_code == 201
 
        # 登入
        res = api_client.post("/auth/login", json={"email": "a@b.com", "password": "..."})
        assert res.status_code == 200
        assert "access_token" in res.json()